vocab

The republic of Florence dominated the region of Tuscany.

The Medici family was a wealthy family that controlled the
government behind the scenes










Machiavelli was an author and gave the best expression to the Italians.

Chaucer used the english vernacular in his famous work, the Canterbury Tales.

Masaccio developed a new, realistic style of paintings. 

Brunelleschi was an architect and engineer of the Italian Renaissance

Martin Luther began the reformation in the early 16th century.

Desiderius Erasmus was best known as a christian humanist.

Lutheranism was the first protestant state.









John Calvin was a leader of protestantism.















King Henry VIII disagreed with Luthers Theology 




















Huldrych Zwingli was a priest in Zürich and was a leader of Reformation in Switzerland 

Aztec

What kind of clothing did the ancient aztecs wear?

Aztecs would wear maguey clothing, loin cloth, a long strip of cloth tied in front, a cloak, clothes that were more adorned and elaborate, skirts, tilmas, but it depended in which social class they were in.

WHO wore those kind of clothing?

Slaves wore a simple loincloth, common people would also wear it but it was made out of a long strip of cloth tied in front, the men would wear a cloak made from a triangular cloth known as tilmas, the upper class wore the clothes that were more adorned, the merchants would wear more elaborate clothing, and the military had their own costumes, but if they were was hero, they would wear jewelry and more stunning clothing.

HOW did they make their clothing?

Spinning, weaving, and dyeing were all crafts to the aztecs. They would make clothes from imported cotton fibers, which is from maguey cactus. The fibers would be pulled from the plant and would be spun into thread or yarn.

WHEN

WHERE

WHY didn't their clothing cover their whole body?
the aztecs clothing didnt cover their whole body because it was hot in mexico.

Rise of the Mongols

Geography 
The Mongols were nomadic people. They were pastoralist and they were living off land. The mongols lived in dry places, wind swept and hard grasses. They lived in the steppe (Central Asia-Eastern Europe). The temperature would be -57 degrees to 96 degrees and because of the temperature, the Mongols would always move for proper shelter. Ghenghis Khan and the Mongols didn't get farther because Ghenghis Khan eventually died, but his son continued on for him.


Leadership 
Ghengis Khan was the leader of the Mongols. Ghengis Khan and the Mongols conquered many places. The Mongolian empire got larger in the 21 years of conquering because of Ghengis Khan and the Mongols. The first place they conquered was Xixia. They then conquered most of Central Asia and moved into Russia and Europe. Ghengis Khan and the Mongols had many strategies and tactics. One of their strategies was the encirclement. 2 of the 5 groups would become the front rank with the 3 remaining the rear ranks. When they started fighting, the rear ranks would march through the lines of the front, trying to kill the enemies. The rear ranks would then turn towards the sides to prevent escape so the front ranks can kill the enemies with the decisive blow. One of the tactics was when the mongols would herd oxens and wild horses into the enemy lines so they can confuse the enemy. Ghengis Khan was a fair and respected leader. He would make sure that his Mongols had food and good shelter. He was also a strict when it comes to training and discipline, but it was so the Mongols can get better.

Technology
The Mongols were trained in a young age so they can get used to it and so they can get better. The mongols used many weapons. Each warrior would carry a battle axe, scimitar, lance, curved bow and arrows. They also carried their own sharpening stone and a needle and thread. The light curved bow could be fired rapidly from the horseback, but the heavy curved bow was for long range from the ground and it was 166 pounds pull. Each soldier would keep 3-4 horses ready. It was an advantage of speed when they had to ride for days.

Spartacus

1. WHO was Spartacus?
2. WHAT did he do?
3. WHY did he do it?
4. WHEN did it happen?
5. WHERE did it happen?
6. HOW did it end?
7. WAS HE A HERO OR A VILLAIN?

1. Spartacus was a Thracian gladiator. He is from Thrace. He was born around 109 BC.

2.  He led a slave revolt. 74 gladiators w/ knives and other weapons that they got from the kitchen.

3.  He did it because of Freedom. 

4. It happened 73-71 BC.

5. It happened in Italy.

6. Spartacus had a bargain for the Romans which was victory and the lives of his followers.

7.  Spartacus was a Hero.

ROMAN FOOD
- Romans drank wine and they drank calda during the winter. (wine mixed with warm water and laced with spices)

- Romans ate alot of fish

- Ancient rome was heavy in sauces. The main ingredient of the sauce was garum or fish sauce.

ROMAN CLOTHING

-Togas were the national garment of Rome 

-The color of the toga was significant, marking differences in age and status.

-Roman men wore their hair short and clean shaven

ROMAN RELIGION

-Roman religion was influenced by the Greeks

-Zeus= Jupiter ,Hera=Juno

-Romans were polytheistic 

ROMAN SLAVERY

- Dependent on slaves

-Slaves were treated well

ROMAN GLADIATORS

-largest contest included 5000 fighters

- Man vs Man or Man vs Animal

ROMAN ART/ARCHITECTURE 

-Roman art included painting,sculpture, pottery 

Punic Wars

1. Who was Rome's enemy? (Describe the group of people and important leaders)
2. Why did it start?
3. Where and when did the wars take place?
4. How was geography a factor?
5. What key events took place? (2-3)
6. How was technology a factor?
7. What tactics or strategies were used?
8. How did the end result impact both sides?

1. Romes enemies were Carthage and Hannibal.

2. It started because Carthage started to conquer Italy 

3. First Punic war took place in 264 BC and the island of Sicily. The second Punic war took place 218 BC in the Carthage of italy. 

4.

5.Rome won all 3 Punic wars and expanded their empire more.

6. Carthage's technology actually didnt have a big impact against the Romans. The Romans have man power, strict organization 

Unification of Italy

1. Who was Rome's enemy? (Describe the group of people and important leaders)
2. Why did it start?
3. Where and when did the wars take place?
4. How was geography a factor?
5. What key events took place? (2-3)
6. How was technology a factor?
7. What tactics or strategies were used?
8. How did the end result impact both sides?

1.  Rome's enemy were Samnites, Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans.

2. These wars started because they wanted to conquer so they can expand.

3. The first Samnite war was 343-341 BCE, the Latin war was 340-338 BCE, the second Samnite war was 326-304 BCE, the third Samnite war was 298-290 BCE, the Pyrrhic was 280-275 BCE

4.Geography was a factor because they use the Mediterranean sea as an advantage for their Navys.

5.